The National Policy on Child Labour, being implemented
since 1987, has failed because there has never been any
serious attempt to deal with the root causes of child labour.
Much of the mainstream discourse on child labour largely
divorces the problem of the exploitation of children from
its links with the institutions and structures of backward
capitalism. To further compound matters, the process of
change towards a neoliberal regime since 1991, besides
increasing inequality, seems to have slowed down the earlier
declining trend in the proportion of the poor. The low adult
real-wage rates and “insufficient” household incomes earned
by adults continue to drive parents to prod their children to
join the labour force. The urban employment and unemployment
scenario was quite grim in the 1990s sending both the
boys and girls in the family into the labour force.
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